{
  "meta": {
    "version": "1.0",
    "stand": "2026-04-19",
    "zweck": "Globale Länder-Haftungsmatrix für alle Verkehrsträger. Quelle für Haftungsnavigator-Engine und Wiki-Verweise.",
    "hinweis": "Allgemeine Orientierungshilfe, keine Rechtsberatung. Aktualität der Ratifikationsstände prüfen."
  },
  "wirtschaftsraeume": {
    "EU": {
      "name": "Europäische Union",
      "laender": ["DE", "FR", "IT", "ES", "NL", "BE", "PL", "SE", "AT", "DK", "FI", "IE", "PT", "GR", "CZ", "RO", "HU", "SK", "BG", "HR", "SI", "LT", "LV", "EE", "LU", "MT", "CY"],
      "see_regime": "Haag-Visby (alle Mitglieder ratifiziert)",
      "strasse_regime": "CMR (alle Mitglieder)",
      "schiene_regime": "CIM/COTIF (alle Mitglieder)",
      "luft_regime": "MÜ 1999 (alle Mitglieder)",
      "binnen_regime": "CMNI (Rheinstaaten + Donaustaaten)"
    },
    "USMCA": {
      "name": "USA-Mexiko-Kanada-Abkommen",
      "laender": ["US", "MX", "CA"],
      "see_regime": "USA COGSA 1936, Kanada Haag-Visby (Water Carriage of Goods Act), Mexiko Haag-Visby (Ley de Navegación)",
      "strasse_regime": "USA Carmack, Kanada Transportation Act, Mexiko Ley de Caminos – keine einheitliche Haftung!",
      "luft_regime": "MÜ 1999"
    },
    "ASEAN": {
      "name": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations",
      "laender": ["SG", "MY", "ID", "TH", "VN", "PH", "MM", "LA", "KH", "BN"],
      "see_regime": "Uneinheitlich (Haag-Visby vs. Haag)",
      "strasse_regime": "AFAMT multimodal teilweise ratifiziert",
      "luft_regime": "MÜ 1999 (meiste Staaten)"
    },
    "MERCOSUR": {
      "name": "Mercado Común del Sur",
      "laender": ["BR", "AR", "UY", "PY", "BO"],
      "strasse_regime": "CIT (Convenio sobre Transporte Internacional Terrestre) – 2 SZR/kg",
      "see_regime": "Brasilien Haager, Argentinien/Chile Haag-Visby",
      "luft_regime": "MÜ 1999"
    },
    "GCC": {
      "name": "Gulf Cooperation Council",
      "laender": ["SA", "AE", "QA", "KW", "BH", "OM"],
      "see_regime": "Haag-Visby-nahe nationale Gesetze",
      "strasse_regime": "Bilateral, kein CMR-Äquivalent",
      "luft_regime": "MÜ 1999 (meiste)"
    },
    "EAC": {
      "name": "East African Community",
      "laender": ["KE", "UG", "TZ", "RW", "BI", "SS", "CD"],
      "see_regime": "Haag-Visby (Küstenstaaten KE, TZ). Landlocked-Staaten via Mombasa/Daressalam",
      "strasse_regime": "EAC-Transit-System, bilaterale Abkommen"
    },
    "SAARC": {
      "name": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
      "laender": ["IN", "PK", "BD", "LK", "NP", "BT", "MV", "AF"],
      "see_regime": "Haag-Visby (IN, BD, LK) oder Haager (PK)",
      "strasse_regime": "Uneinheitlich – kein CMR-Äquivalent"
    }
  },
  "laender": {
    "DE": {"name": "Deutschland", "bip_rang": 3, "region": "EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "rotterdam_rules": "unterzeichnet_nicht_ratifiziert", "cim": true, "cmni": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Hamburg", "Bremerhaven", "Wilhelmshaven"], "special_notes": "HGB §§ 407–452h als nationales Parallel-Regime"},
    "FR": {"name": "Frankreich", "bip_rang": 7, "region": "EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "rotterdam_rules": "unterzeichnet_nicht_ratifiziert", "cim": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Marseille", "Le Havre"]},
    "IT": {"name": "Italien", "bip_rang": 9, "region": "EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cim": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Genua", "Gioia Tauro", "Triest"]},
    "ES": {"name": "Spanien", "bip_rang": 15, "region": "EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "rotterdam_rules": "ratifiziert", "cim": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Valencia", "Algeciras", "Barcelona"]},
    "NL": {"name": "Niederlande", "bip_rang": 18, "region": "EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cim": true, "cmni": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Rotterdam", "Amsterdam"]},
    "UK": {"name": "Vereinigtes Königreich", "bip_rang": 6, "region": "Europa_nicht_EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "rotterdam_rules": "nicht_unterzeichnet", "cim": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Felixstowe", "Southampton", "London Gateway"], "special_notes": "Post-Brexit, englisches Recht dominiert global"},
    "US": {"name": "USA", "bip_rang": 1, "region": "USMCA", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_1936": true, "rotterdam_rules": "unterzeichnet_nicht_ratifiziert", "wichtige_haefen": ["Los Angeles", "Long Beach", "New York", "Savannah"], "special_notes": "Haager Regeln über COGSA 1936. Section 321 bis 800 USD zollfrei."},
    "CN": {"name": "China", "bip_rang": 2, "region": "Asien", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "china_maritime_code_1993": true, "rotterdam_rules": "unterzeichnet_nicht_ratifiziert", "wichtige_haefen": ["Shanghai", "Shenzhen", "Ningbo", "Qingdao"], "special_notes": "11 Maritime Courts, Shanghai als Haupt-Gerichtsstand"},
    "JP": {"name": "Japan", "bip_rang": 4, "region": "Asien", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cogsa_japan_1957": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Tokyo", "Yokohama", "Nagoya", "Kobe"]},
    "IN": {"name": "Indien", "bip_rang": 5, "region": "SAARC", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_indien_1925": true, "rotterdam_rules": "nicht_unterzeichnet", "wichtige_haefen": ["Mumbai", "Chennai", "Kolkata", "Mundra", "Cochin"]},
    "KR": {"name": "Südkorea", "bip_rang": 12, "region": "Asien", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "commercial_act_book_v": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Busan", "Incheon", "Gwangyang"]},
    "AU": {"name": "Australien", "bip_rang": 14, "region": "Pacific", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cogsa_australien_1991": true, "special_notes": "Modified Haag-Visby mit angehobenen Grenzen"},
    "CA": {"name": "Kanada", "bip_rang": 10, "region": "USMCA", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "water_carriage_of_goods_act": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Vancouver", "Montreal", "Halifax"]},
    "MX": {"name": "Mexiko", "bip_rang": 13, "region": "USMCA", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "ley_navegacion": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Veracruz", "Manzanillo", "Altamira"]},
    "BR": {"name": "Brasilien", "bip_rang": 11, "region": "MERCOSUR", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "haager_regeln": true, "cit_mercosur": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Santos", "Paranaguá", "Rio de Janeiro"]},
    "RU": {"name": "Russland", "bip_rang": 8, "region": "GUS", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "smgs_schiene": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["St. Petersburg", "Novorossijsk", "Vladivostok"], "special_notes": "Sanktionen seit 2022 – Versicherungs-Exclusion prüfen"},
    "TR": {"name": "Türkei", "bip_rang": 17, "region": "Europa_nicht_EU", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cim": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Istanbul Ambarli", "Mersin", "Izmir"], "special_notes": "EU-Zollunion, Land-Bridge zu Zentralasien"},
    "ID": {"name": "Indonesien", "bip_rang": 16, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "indonesian_maritime_code_2008": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Jakarta Tanjung Priok", "Surabaya"]},
    "SG": {"name": "Singapur", "bip_rang": 32, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "coga_1972": true, "special_notes": "SIAC als Schiedsort; englisches Recht dominant"},
    "MY": {"name": "Malaysia", "bip_rang": 36, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_1950": true},
    "TH": {"name": "Thailand", "bip_rang": 25, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_thailand_1991": true},
    "VN": {"name": "Vietnam", "bip_rang": 35, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "vietnam_maritime_code_2015": true},
    "PH": {"name": "Philippinen", "bip_rang": 33, "region": "ASEAN", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_1936_philippines": true},
    "ZA": {"name": "Südafrika", "bip_rang": 38, "region": "Afrika_Subsahara", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cogsa_1986": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Durban", "Kapstadt", "Port Elizabeth"]},
    "NG": {"name": "Nigeria", "bip_rang": 29, "region": "Afrika_Subsahara", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "cogsa_nigeria_1926": true, "special_notes": "Piraterie-Risiko Golf von Guinea"},
    "EG": {"name": "Ägypten", "bip_rang": 41, "region": "Afrika_Nord", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "arab_maritime_code": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Alexandria", "Port Said", "Suez"], "special_notes": "Suezkanal = globale Chokepoint"},
    "MA": {"name": "Marokko", "bip_rang": 55, "region": "Afrika_Nord", "cmr": true, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Tanger Med", "Casablanca"], "special_notes": "CMR-Signatar, EU-Assoziierungsabkommen"},
    "KE": {"name": "Kenia", "bip_rang": 61, "region": "Afrika_Subsahara_Ost", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "merchant_shipping_act_2009": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Mombasa"]},
    "TZ": {"name": "Tansania", "bip_rang": 75, "region": "Afrika_Subsahara_Ost", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "merchant_shipping_act_2003": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Daressalam", "Mtwara"]},
    "AE": {"name": "Vereinigte Arabische Emirate", "bip_rang": 30, "region": "GCC", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "federal_law_26_1981": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Jebel Ali", "Khalifa"], "special_notes": "DIFC Courts als Opt-In-Rechtswahl"},
    "SA": {"name": "Saudi-Arabien", "bip_rang": 19, "region": "GCC", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "commercial_maritime_law_m33_2019": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Dschidda", "Dammam"]},
    "IL": {"name": "Israel", "bip_rang": 28, "region": "Naher_Osten_nicht_GCC", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "carriage_of_goods_by_sea_ordinance": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Haifa", "Ashdod"]},
    "AR": {"name": "Argentinien", "bip_rang": 24, "region": "MERCOSUR", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cit_mercosur": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Buenos Aires"]},
    "CL": {"name": "Chile", "bip_rang": 44, "region": "MERCOSUR_assoziiert", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": true, "cit_mercosur": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Valparaiso", "San Antonio"]},
    "CO": {"name": "Kolumbien", "bip_rang": 42, "region": "Andengemeinschaft", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "haager_regeln": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Buenaventura", "Cartagena"]},
    "PE": {"name": "Peru", "bip_rang": 48, "region": "Andengemeinschaft", "cmr": false, "mu": true, "haag_visby": false, "haager_regeln": true, "wichtige_haefen": ["Callao"]}
  }
}